Thanks to reform and opening-up, the last three decades have witnessed China’s remarkable achievements and the rapid advancement of industrialization. Manufacturing industry, accounting for more than 50% of GDP during this period, has always been the largest momentum of China’s high economic growth. Economic growth engine – economic development zone, hi-tech park and hi-tech development zone have emerged in the past 30 years. The development strategy of these special economic zone centers on “favorable” policies, the construction of modern business infrastructure and incentive conditions (like tax concession and rent free policy), offers financing support so as to attract enterprises, especially manufactures of foreign-invested factories, to create jobs. The major advantage of China in global competition is cheap labor and land and environment resources. Most of the manufactures in China are in the bottom of value chain. However, many countries with even cheaper labor have become competitors of China, resulting in the collapse and outward relocation of some labor intensive manufactures. Therefore, economic development engine, i.e. economic development zones and hi-tech parks must accelerated the transformation from manufacturing and processing model to technological innovation model. In the past three decades, the science and technology parks in developed countries have also been updated for many times, evolving from “real estate” model companied by favorable policies in the early stage to the innovation incubator of high technology and cradle of newly-emerged industry.
The Focus of China's Twelfth Five Year Plan 2011-2015
· Promote innovation by encouraging domestic consumption, developing service industry and enhancing the construction of service platform and service innovation.
· Improve manufacturing industry to high value-added high-end manufacturing and push ahead with innovation
· Develop newly-emerged industry with strategic value
· Nurture and develop high-tech related service industry and build international brand
· Strengthen ties with other countries to explore and establish internationalization strategy
· Update the management system of science parks
The training course system combines domestic and foreign resources and experts and is designed to tackle the challenges faced by domestic science parks and to promote transformation. The system includes following parts: the introduction of new concepts, case analysis, class discussions and visits and exchanges to other parks.
2.1 Science Park Design
The first hi-tech park was establish in 1950s in silicon of USA. It has went though generations of evolvement in the past 60 years. It created a miracle of accelerating the application of scientific result and hi-tech industry boom. Its unique development model and exuberant vitality had soon been valued by many nations and regional government. However, every stage of its development has its unique environment and characteristics. A successful science park contributes to understanding its original environment and then develop unique path, bringing sustainable prosperity for setting-in enterprises and local region and quality of life for people. Nevertheless, the development of a science park is affected by its environment and is confronted with different problems and challenges. Therefore, in the construction of a science park, we must give full consideration towards the main structure of it and then get to know its resources and constraints in the biog picture. In this unit, we will center on these themes and explore how to build a science park with regional characteristics in the help of park designers.
2.1.1 Construction and Strategy of Science Parks
2.1.2 Innovation System of Science Parks
2.1.3 Construction of Incubator
2.2 Hi-tech Park Management
2.2.1 The Foundation of Hi-tech Park Management – How to Bring Value for Setting-in Enterprises and Regional Economics
2.2.2 Smart city – New Challenges and Mission for Science Park
2.2.3 Case Analysis – Comparison of Innovation Science Park Structure Model and its Enlightenment
2.3 Cooperation and Exchanges
2.3.1 Investment Inviting and Talent Introduction
2.3.2 Visits and Exchanges to Science Park